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DIY robot concept

DIY grocery cart that follows you

A four-wheel base with 12V hub motors, gimbal-mounted UWB anchor that locks onto a tag in your pocket, follows you up to 2m behind. Carries 30kg of groceries from car to kitchen. Front bumper and IR brake when it senses your legs.

Follow-me robotics has gotten genuinely affordable in the last 18 months — UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) modules dropped to under $15 each and provide centimeter-accurate ranging at 1Hz indoors. That's enough to build a robot that follows you at walking pace without a camera, without GPS, and without complex SLAM. The minimum-viable version is two motorized wheels, two casters, and a UWB anchor on a small servo gimbal that points where the tag in your pocket is.

The cargo case for grocery carts is real: lots of people have a long walk from the car to the kitchen door, multiple trips, and a manual pull-cart that wobbles. A 30 kg payload with a 50W per wheel hub-motor base handles loaded shopping bags up a 10° driveway slope. Speed is intentionally walk-paced (1-1.4 m/s) — faster and it becomes scary near children and dogs, slower and it lags behind you.

The non-obvious safety design is the front bumper. Even with UWB tracking, the cart can run into your heel if you stop suddenly. A simple horizontal IR proximity sensor on the front (Sharp GP2Y0A21 or VL53L0X ToF) brakes the motors hard if anything is within 35cm — your legs, a curb, the dog. Layered on top of that, a hardware kill-switch on the handle means you can grab the cart and stop it manually with zero firmware involvement.

Core parts

12V hub motor with wheel (2x)

$75

100W each, integrated into 6" rubber wheels. Inverted scooter wheels work — those are mass-produced

Brushed/brushless ESC for hub motors

$28

Bidirectional, ~10A continuous. Skateboard ESC is the right form factor

DWM3000 UWB module (3x)

$45

1 anchor on the cart's gimbal, 2 tags on you (pocket + back-pocket for redundancy)

Servo gimbal (2-axis)

$18

Aims the anchor toward the loudest tag. Pan/tilt cheap servos work

ESP32-S3

$12

Brain. The S3 has more RAM for the UWB ranging math

VL53L0X ToF sensor

$4

Front-facing collision avoidance. Fires the hard brake if anything within 35cm

Design variants

Stair-climbing variant

Replace the rear wheels with three-spoke hub assemblies (each spoke is a wheel). Climbs single stairs at slow speed. Adds about $200, doubles the weight, but means you can take the cart all the way to a second-floor apartment.

Indoor-only variant

Drop the IP-rating concerns and use a smaller 50W per wheel motor pair. Carries 15kg instead of 30, but cheaper, lighter, and easier to maneuver inside a kitchen.

Cargo bike trailer hybrid

Same base, but with a trailer hitch instead of follow-me. Detach the UWB and follow firmware, hitch to your bike, and use it as a regular trailer. The follow mode is the alternate use when you're on foot.

Practical safety note

Treat the generated output as a prototype plan, not a certified product. Body-adjacent, high-voltage, optical-energy and mobility builds need qualified review before real-world use.

FAQ

What's the range?

Indoor: 12-15m line-of-sight, 6-8m through walls. Outdoor: 30-50m line-of-sight. Past that, UWB ranging gets noisy. The cart drops into 'last seen' mode (rolls slowly toward the last good fix) for 8 seconds before stopping.

Can it follow two people?

Not without a fight. UWB anchors triangulate against a single tag at a time. You can swap which tag is active via a button on the handle, but it's not auto-switching.

How does it handle stairs?

It doesn't, in the base config. Add a step-detection ToF sensor on the front bottom and have it stop. Or build the stair-climbing variant.

Is the UWB safe?

Yes — UWB at the consumer power levels (under 0dBm) is well below regulatory limits in EU/US/Japan. It's the same technology in Apple AirTags and Tile Pro Premium.

What if I lose the tag?

The cart stops where it last had a fix and waits with a chime for 60 seconds. After that, it shuts down and waits for you to come back. You unlock it with a phone Bluetooth connection (the ESP32 advertises a control link).

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